ABSTRACT
Shop production, which implies separation between household and industry, in contrast with home work, appears in the most varied forms in the course of history. The forms are as follows: isolated small shops, the ergasterion, and unfree shop industry on a large scale. A factory is a shop industry with free labor and fixed capital. Among establishments of the work shop type which existed alongside craft work organized in the guilds, were included the following: the various kinds of mills, ovens, breweries, iron foundries and hammer mills. None the less the guilds combated the factories and closed workshops growing out of them, especially on grounds of principle. The consequences which accompanied the introduction of the modern factory are extraordinarily far reaching, both for the entrepreneur and for the worker. Everywhere work shop industry remained still more sporadic than at the beginning of the modern era, when at best it could reach its full development only as a royal establishment.
