ABSTRACT
Theplainfactisthatbythemid-181ostherewerenotjustoneor twobutscoresofsecretrevolutionaryorganizationsthroughoutEurope-extendingevenintoLatinAmericaandtheMiddleEast.These groups,althoughlargelyunconnected,internationalizedthemodernrevolutionarytraditionandprovidedtheoriginalforumforthegeneraldebateinthemodernworldaboutthepurposesofpoliticalpowerina post-traditionalsociety.Anditwastheywhointheprocessofmodernizationpioneeredaphenomenonbynowfamiliar:impatientyouthformingtheirownorganizationstocombatmonarchical-religiousauthority.
