ABSTRACT
The Congress resulted in nothing more than the creation of the Council of Europe. Like most other international organizations, it is only an inter-governmental body and as such under the control of its members' governments. The European Union has evolved into a proto federal state. It has become endowed with a proto government. In government, the ultimate and highest authority lies either with a single institution; or is divided according to the principle of a separation of powers between the legislature, the judiciary, and the executive branch. The ranking of school systems through Programs for International Student Assessment can highlight the political and operative potency of such instruments. Under the fictions of international law, governments across the globe would all be each other's equal. They would be the sole relevant actors in the global system. If we substitute the notion of governance for the notion of government the scene becomes more diverse.
