ABSTRACT
Deng is a Leninist to the extent that he regards the party-state as having a dual role as both an organizer of active consent and as an apparatus of power (specificalîy, coercive power). According to Christine Buci-Gfucksmann, the former is what Gramsci calls "hegemony," and is built upon the cultural, political, and economic leadership of the party-state; the latter is taken as "dominance which relies heavily upon the apparatus of coercion, including the army, police, courts, and the bureaucracy."2 She cites Gramsci to support her analysis:
The state is the entire complex of practical and theoretical activities with which the ruling class not only justifies and maintains its dominance, but manages to win the active consent of those over whom it rules.3
