ABSTRACT
Academic research and public policy relating to urban regeneration have focused principally on the inner city and city centre. This is because spatially these are the areas that have experienced the most severe economic, social and environmental decline. Additionally, most urban regeneration research has focused on transformations in the central geographical area as demonstrated by regeneration based on retail, housing and culture. This chapter focuses on urban regeneration in the zone of transition between the city centre and the suburbs; the suburban fringe; the suburbs; the rural-urban fringe; and exurban or edge-city developments, representing the outer rings of the conventional model of the industrial city (see Figure 1.1 ). Traditional geographical models of urban space include the Burgess model and its variants based on Chicago, and the Harris Ullman model and its variants based on Los Angeles (see Hall and Barrett 2012, chapter 3 ; Pacione 2009, chapter 7 ). These models are constantly evolving, resulting in new spatial patterns of UK cities (see Chapter 1 ). This chapter looks at the characteristics, problems and policies related to urban areas beyond the centre and reaching exurban developments.
