Military convergence through CSDP

The text of the Lisbon Treaty certainly is ambitious. The pre amble to the Protocol speaks of “a more assertive Union role in security and defence mat ters” and even of “embarking on a new stage in the de velopment of the Euro pean security and defence pol icy”. This underlines the polit ical significance of PESCO as a statement of conviction vis­ à­vis CSDP. If fully implemented, PESCO would generate real convergence between Member States, by increasing top­ down co ordination and by deepening cooperation.