ABSTRACT
London suffered the planned loss of one million people and several hundred thousand manufacturing jobs.3 The capital remained an expanding market for office or services employment, for secretaries or bus drivers; but those were not the jobs the remaining workers wanted or had the skills to do. Other British cities losing jobs offered no alternative employment. Ensuring employment growth in Britain’s depressed regions or populating new towns meant firmly discouraging business and industry from setting up or expanding in older cities. Government subsidies for developing economic life, Industrial Development Certificates (IDCs) or Office Development Permits (ODPs) became almost unobtainable.4
