ABSTRACT
In seeking to base Pakistan's democracy first and foremost upon Islamic ideals and principles, Jinnah seemed to ignore the cultural diversity of Indian Muslims. Following Jinnah's death, the arguments between the Islamic radicals and modernists on the framing of the constitution became more intense. As the politicians debated the content of the constitution of Pakistan, the Islam-based parties pressed for a document that would establish Pakistan as a theological state committed to Islam; some of them even asked whether a constitution was necessary. Throughout the 1950s, the politicians, charged with writing the first Pakistan constitution, grappled with these issues; when they produced the 1956 constitution they came down firmly on the side of the modernists. The dilemmas that succeeding generations of politicians faced were no different from those that Jinnah had faced in the campaign for the creation of Pakistan.
