ABSTRACT
Wall maps showing the geopolitical locations and borders between states are familiar to many. Yet the clear divisions between nations are a relatively recent construct. Vaughan Lowe engagingly describes how territories that were once hazily defined according to the controlling reach of rulers, crystallised into areas bounded by precise dividing lines made possible by advances in cartography. 1 Nations have increasingly drawn upon their sovereign powers to intensify control over the flow of people and goods across these frontiers, particularly as security fears increased following global conflict at the start of the twentieth century and following the terrorist attacks in the United States at the beginning of the twenty-first. 2
