ABSTRACT
Portland, Oregon, initially eschewed the high-tech approach, opting to employ formerly homeless individuals using brooms, dustpans, and large garbage cans on wheels to remove the trash in downtown. This low-tech approach created entry-level employment opportunities for individuals who were trying to rebuild their lives. This program was a significant contribution from the former Association for Portland Progress (APP), Portland's downtown association (now part of the Portland Business Alliance), toward the broader community's effort to address the problem of homelessness in the central business district.
