ABSTRACT
this chapter and the four that follow attempt to carry the analysis a little more deeply into the affairs of individual countries in the hope of discovering relationships which may be obscured by the cross-sectional analyses and brief time-series analyses carried out in Part I. Africa, Asia, and Latin America are represented. Uganda was chosen as illustrating a peasant agriculture specializing in two primary products which are fairly unstable, coffee and cotton. Tanganyika was chosen because it produces its main export, sisal, through a plantation system. This is largely expatriate-owned and implies some dualism for the economy. Puerto Rico was chosen as an example of extreme economic dependence. Almost all its trade is with USA, and it is rapidly developing manufactured exports. Since increased manufacturing is a likely trend for other underdeveloped countries, Puerto Rico’s experience with export instability holds considerable interest. Chile represents dualism once more. This time the export is a mineral, copper, which has a record of high instability. How expatriate ownership conditions the domestic effect of export instability is the important question. Finally, Pakistan affords an example of peasant production for export of a very unstable product, jute. Its other main export, cotton, has also been subject to severe fluctuations. Because of the divided nature of the economy, into East and West Pakistan, data are available which allow some exploration of the regional impact of fluctuations. This is seldom possible in underdeveloped countries.
