Wandering Pilgrimage: Mobile Expatriatism in Ernest Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises, F. Scott Fitzgerald’s Tender Is the Night and Claude McKay’s Banjo

Writing to his publisher Maxwell Perkins shortly after submitting the manuscript of The Sun Also Rises, Ernest Hemingway explains the significance of the title’s allusion to Ecclesiastes. He declares,

The point of the book to me was that the earth abideth forever – having a great deal of fondness and admiration for the earth and not a hell of a lot for my generation. [ … ] I didn’t mean the book to be a hollow or bitter satire but a damn tragedy with the earth abiding forever as the hero.