ABSTRACT
Newly independent India and Pakistan inherited a colonial state apparatus and a set of constitutional institutions produced by decades of the reform of colonial rule, culminating in the Government of India Act of 1935. Both had nationalist movements aimed at replacing colonial rule. But India’s inheritance differed significantly from Pakistan’s. At independence, the state apparatus in what was to become Pakistan was stronger than it was in the areas that were to become India, while those who held popularly ratified political power in India were much stronger than their Pakistan counterparts.
