ABSTRACT
This chapter describes the standard methods to accomplish the tasks in Japanese. It also expresses the appreciation at the scene of the offense or act of kindness, they do not need to explain the reason. Knowing how to apologize for their mistakes and how to properly thank others for their kindness is essential in any society, but the actual manners vary across cultures. In order to apologize for what they have done, state the circumstance using a te-form. Immediately follow it with an expression of apology such as sumimasen or a similar expression. Thanking someone can take a form similar to offering an apology. Spell out the favorable action using the auxiliary verb of inward giving kureru. We can thank others by acknowledging the trouble we have gone to. In some cases, we might frame the trouble as something we have caused. The chapter concludes with an expression of apology rather than gratitude.
