ABSTRACT
Both ELLs and non-ELLs experience the majority of the processes and concepts learned in this science content area on a daily basis (e.g., days, seasons, moon phases). However, they are not able to observe what causes these processes rst hand. For instance, students can observe the moon going through phases, but without directly observing the location of the sun, moon and earth it is di²cult for students to make sense of what causes the moon phases. us, not having direct contact with most of these phenomena, and the long-term nature of the processes, make it di²cult for students to understand these concepts. Consequently, many leave K-12 education with either incomplete understanding of these concepts or with misconceptions.
