ABSTRACT
In addition to organic molecules such as protein, carbohydrates, lipids, and vitamins, our bodies are also made of inorganic matter. These inorganic substances include minerals and water, which together constitute over 60% of the body’s weight. Minerals are needed by the body as structural components and regulators of various biological processes. They make up the structure of our bones and teeth, and participate in hundreds of chemical reactions. The metabolic roles of minerals vary considerably. Some minerals, such as copper and selenium, work as cofactors, enabling various proteins, such as enzymes, to function. Minerals also contribute to many body compounds. For example, iron is a component of red blood cells. Sodium, potassium, and calcium aid in the transfer of nerve impulses throughout the body. Body growth and development also depend on certain minerals, such as calcium and phosphorous. Minerals may combine with other elements in the body, but they retain their chemical identity. Unlike vitamins, they are not destroyed by heat, oxygen, or acid. Minerals are divided
Minerals 83 ❚
Major minerals 85 ❚
Trace minerals 92 ❚
Water 100 ❚
Summary 106 ❚
day or present in the body in amounts greater than 0.01% of the body weight – and trace minerals – those required by the body in an amount of 100 mg or less per day or present in the body in an amount of 0.01% or less of body weight.
