ABSTRACT
In Chapters 2 through 9 we have encountered both the earlier generation of noncognitivist theories, including the emotivist theories of Ayer and Stevenson and the prescriptivism of Hare, and their more contemporary counterpart, expressivism. We also encountered major problems facing noncognitivist theories in metaphysics, epistemology, the philosophy of mind, and especially the philosophy of language. We saw the shape of these problems and where they come from, the kinds of tools available to noncognitivists of various kinds in dealing with them, and some of the reasons why noncognitivists remain optimistic that they will be able to solve these problems, even if they haven’t yet done so.
