ABSTRACT
All communist nations founded before 1954, and some thereafter, including Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia, adopted siege-mobilized terror-command systems. Almost all subsequently liberalized, switching to terror-free command, and later to market leasing, terminating the Red Holocaust everywhere except North Korea. One-party regimes still ruled by communists, as well as former communist states like Russia, continue to repress, employ forced labor, ethnically cleanse (China in Tibet) and assassinate.1 There is both continuity and change within and across the communist and postcommunist spectrum.
