ABSTRACT
While liminality is basically a “punctuation,” a chaotic period between two states of equilibrium, it is not completely formless or unpredictable, and has been divided theoretically in my study (Chapters 3 and 5) into the three key phases, namely forming, norming, and integrating. The forming, norming and integrating phases can also be seen as metaphors applicable to phases in the systemic growth of organisms and entities, with the boundaries undeniably “soft,” as overlapping features may be found in each period. I will now attempt to apply this model to processes of language planning in Singapore. 1
