ABSTRACT

In his highly influential book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Kuhn (1970) said that mature sciences differ from immature sciences because they are dominated by a single paradigm rather than being a battleground of multiple, conflicting theories. A paradigm, according to Kuhn, is a set of presuppositions, theories, methods, and exemplars of solutions to research problems that produce a unified worldview for the scientists associated with the paradigm. In mature sciences, scholars generally agree on common theories. In immature sciences, however, everyone seems to have his or her own theory, and debate rages among competing camps about which theories are preferable.