ABSTRACT

As anyone who has seen the movie knows, the plot is presented backwards, with each new scene depicting events that occurred before those of the preceding scene. While this technique has been used before, it is especially interesting in this case since it puts us, in a way, in the same epistemic situation as Leonard. During any scene we have as little

to go on as he has. All we know is what is right there in the moment, including the notes about past events that are available. Leonard can’t remember, and we’re in the same boat since we haven’t seen the past yet.