The next steps for the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) may be discussed in a short-term perspective, essentially the intersessional period between the Sixth and Seventh Review Conferences, or in a medium-term perspective where the reviews of 2011 and 2016 loom large. An Accountability Framework can make sense in either perspective. This chapter explores the Accountability Framework proposal as introduced by Canada in 2006 and takes it forward, independently, as a concept with practical applications which may be developed to the potential enrichment of the BWC treaty regime. As independently developed here, the concept is one which may begin to be operationalised in the short-term, but can only come to fruition if approved and formalised by the Seventh Review Conference in 2011.