ABSTRACT
There have recently been efforts to theorise what is called state management as multi-level governance. This literature on public management as multilevel gaming goes beyond the traditional focus in public administration upon deconcentration and decentralisation, entering the regional level as a key stage for public management. The theory of multi-level governance has been much inspired by the evolution of the European Union, involving several supranational or intergovernmental bodies. Multi-level governance includes relations between governing authorities at all levels – the neighbourhood, municipality, province, national state, and regional and global institutions. Governance implies that state management is not restricted to government actors and structures but includes interested groups, organisations and publics.
