ABSTRACT
Introduction This book started with a simple question (‘How do ICTs affect public administration?’), a question so simple, the answer simply had to be complicated. Indeed, as I have tried to argue, the question is susceptible to the criticism that it is overly deterministic, ignores relevant reverse causality (‘How does public administration affect ways of ICT use?’) and ignores how development, form, pace of change and impacts are determined by a variety of factors.
