ABSTRACT
One of the principal requirements for success at the operational and strategic levels of command is to think broadly and have a broad vision.1 Such ability, which the Germans aptly call “operational thinking” (operatives Denken), is usually not an innate trait of a commander.2 Operational thinking is a result of considerable conscious efforts over many years on the part of the future operational commander. Although operational thinking is one of the most critical factors for success, whether in peacetime or time of war, many operational commanders have remained essentially captives of their narrow tactical perspective. To think tactically is easy; it is an area in which all commanders feel comfortable, because this is what they have done for most of their professional careers. History provides numerous examples in which a commander’s inability to think broadly and far ahead resulted in major setbacks or even in the failure of a maritime campaign or major naval operation.
