ABSTRACT
The white racial frame is amazingly pervasive throughout US society today. Fostered constantly by political and media socialization efforts, especially by white elite efforts, and reinforced by a majority of white parents and peers, the contemporary white racial frame is deep and pervasive, with numerous subframes. Public opinion surveys target, at best, only a few of the elements of the white racial frame and miss much of its broad framing of racial realities. The dominant racial frame becomes deeply imbedded in most individuals' minds, in the neural networks of their individual brains. During and after the 1950s-1970s civil rights movements, which generated the first major civil rights legislation in a century, the dominant racial frame again changed, albeit often slowly, in a number of significant ways. Among the most egregious stereotypes and images common in the dominant racial frame today is the old view of black Americans as being somehow linked to the animal kingdom, especially to apes and monkeys.
