ABSTRACT
Nigeria occupies a land area of about 923,800 km2 and is located between 14° North latitude and 4°–13° East longitude. It has extensive geological formations. For this reason an assessment of the geomorphology of Nigeria is often taken on a regional basis. In this regard it is common to see geological discussion of North Nigeria (comprising the Chad Basin, Benue Basin, Bida Basin, Sokoto Basin etc.), Southwest Nigeria, Southeast Nigeria and the Niger Delta. This chapter is not intended to provide an elaborate geological account of Nigeria. Rather, it is intended to give an insight into the geological characteristics of the country and perhaps more importantly, to identify the region(s) which are largely associated with oil and gas. Subsequent sections will focus on the brief geology of Northwest, Southwest, and Southeast Nigeria and the Niger Delta. An attempt will be made to provide a more detailed account of the geological characteristics of the Niger Delta. This region currently serves as the hub of all oil and gas exploration and production activities in Nigeria.
