ABSTRACT
In the 1950s and 1960s, the new Israeli state entrepreneured a massive economic development drive, fueled by capital raised abroad. Development was conceptualized and carried out with the new ethnic and national lines of distinction as constitutive data, and it led to their transformation into lines of class. That is, it led to the embourgeoisement of the pre1948 Zionist civil society that assumed sovereignty, and to the proletarization of the peuble that entered the scene as a consequence of 1948, the Jews of Arab lands and the Palestinians who remained within the borders of Israel.
