ABSTRACT
In chapter 1, we have seen that a considerable split exists between elites and citizens concerning the overall approval of the process of integration. In this chapter, we will investigate in more detail the perceptions and images, fears, and expectations concerning European integration in the different member states of the Union. We will focus on the views and expectations of the citizens but include also the aims and strategies of the elites and the historical background and structural situation of the different countries. By analysing these different views, we can also clarify the issue of the fi nality of integration. The thesis is that the continuation of the process of integration can only be successful in the long run if majorities in all countries of the Union share the general visions concerning this process and if these expectations are matched with the strategies of the political elites. If there are signifi cant inconsistencies or discrepancies, integration will continue to experience setbacks, which will nourish the principal doubts about its aims and direction.
