What do American Olympic viewers think happened in Torino?: Examining media effects

Content analyses of multiple Olympic telecasts have shown strong indications that the depiction of an athlete can change depending on his or her nationality, gender, and ethnicity. But there is also evidence that biases in media content do not necessarily mean that the audience embraces the mediated version as Olympic “reality” (Billings and Angelini, 2007; Tuggle and Owen, 1999).