“Queen Mother” to Mammy, Matriarch, “Hoochie,” and “Ho”: Dilemmas of African American Womanhood

There are probably no other women in the world who have been more maligned than women of African descent. White supremacy, capitalism, and patriarchy converge to place African American women on the lowest rung of the social and economic order in U.S. society. Their unemployment rate is higher than it is for African American males and White males and females, and they earn less.