ABSTRACT
In Chapter 3, we looked at some of the macro-level trends that are shaping working time around the world, both in terms of hours of work and the ways in which those working hours are being organized. For individual workers, there has been, broadly viewed, a move away from workers working the ‘normal’ or ‘standard’ working hours laid down in laws and collective agreements, and towards diversity in the number of hours that are actually being worked. This diversification includes both long hours of work – with more than one-fifth of the workforce working even excessive hours of over 48 a week – and also hours that are shorter than the norm, which may represent time-related underemployment.
