ABSTRACT
In the wake of 1989, talk of globalization was often celebratory. It seemed a fulfillment of modernity’s hopes, perhaps even a transcendence of modernity’s flaws. This was true not only among anti-communist ideologues, corporate elites, and followers of Francis Fukuyama’s Hegelian announcement of the end of history. Enthusiasm for globalization was also prominent on the left. Even while an anti-corporate movement gathered strength, many were eager to proclaim the rise of international civil society as a transcendence of the nation-state. Very few listened to reminders that national struggles in much of the world were among the few viable forms of resistance to capitalist globalization.1
