ABSTRACT
High Kemalist Turkey of the 1930s is a demonstrative case of the authoritarian nation-state of interwar eastern Europe, in which a single nation dominated various minorities. Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Yugoslavia, Hungary, and Poland are other examples of this kind of state that usually started as a multi-party democracy in the 1920s, and ended up an undemocratic regime or dictatorship in the 1930s. 1 (Iran was another case with some features of the prototype.) 2 Notwithstanding their differing levels of economic and social development, these states shared political affinities. Poland, Romania, and Yugoslavia were established on the premises of integrative nationalist ideologies. 3 Bulgaria and Greece failed in their efforts for territorial expansion at the expense of their neighbors. Hungary and Turkey were truncated former Empires with hurt national prides. In the 1930s, these states went through a radicalization of nationalism and a swing to the right. 4 Eventually, Turkey and Poland became quasi-corporatist states with authoritarian single-party regimes. Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, and Greece developed into repressive dictatorships while Romania and Hungary evolved into quasi-fascist regimes. 5 Then, in certain respects, these states resembled Italy and Germany to the west. 6
