ABSTRACT
In this chapter, the authors review some of the approaches that have been successfully adopted in higher education to promote the types of learning they regard as desirable for an effective system of lifelong education. A major barrier for many potential students in higher education are the physical constraints imposed by the times and locations at which courses are provided. Unlike schools, in most countries institutions of post-secondary education are distributed fairly sparsely, and may not even be in the major centres of population. Smith and Stroud reviewed different approaches to provision of distance learning opportunities in higher education in various parts of the world. Although cooperative education is by far the most common approach to providing students with appropriate work experience, there have been numerous other attempts to provide links between academic study and the needs and demands of business and industry. The volunteer activity has been institutionalized and integrated with academic programmes.
