ABSTRACT
This chapter examines the attempts by state and non-state environmental managers to devise environmental policy. It explores the development of policy “coalitions” to highlight how the different policies of environmental managers may be combined in multi-layered EM. Since EM as a whole is a multi-layered process, it follows that the environmental policies that individual environmental managers adopt will partly reflect this situation in terms of multiple and overlapping environmental policy approaches. In many areas, such as the regulation of nuclear energy use and allowable pesticide limits, states seek to control the EM practices of other environmental managers in order to attempt to minimize the health and environmental risks associated with potentially lethal substances. The willingness of states to commit themselves to global policies is linked to the extent to which the proposed policy is issue-specific and not likely to generate political opposition within signatory countries.
