ABSTRACT
Although every state is involved to some degree in development within its borders, there are still some countries in which development is viewed as best directed, controlled and planned by the central government. But by far the majority of states have now embraced the market as the engine of growth, one in which the role of government, in theory at least, is reduced. Even the present-day Russian Federation now practises market economics; and in China, while the government retains firm central political control, it is allowing an increasingly open, indeed capitalistic, economy to develop.
