Knowing and doing: what’s it all about?

The issue of attempting to distinguish between different types of knowledge, semantic versus episodic (Tulving, 1972) and declarative versus procedural (Anderson, 1983) is also unresolved. Since it is impossible for all events to be remembered individually, the central dilemma is how general knowledge can be adapted to cope with the idiosyncratic nature of individual events. Yet it is obvious that knowledge representations play a crucial role in interpreting inputs and planning actions.