ABSTRACT
Term for syntactic constructions in which sentence elements appear at or outside the sentence boundary. In a broad classification there exist left and right dislocation ( left vs right dislocation). Related constructions are hanging topic, extraposition, exbraciation, apposition. An unambiguous classification of each type is not always possible; criteria for identification include morphological and in tonational characteristics, typical introductory phrases, pronominal (copies) and theme-rheme ( theme vs rheme) considerations.
