emic etic vs emic analysis empathetic deixis empathy empathy [Grk empátheia ‘affection’]

The speaker’s adoption or occupying of a perspective or standpoint other than his/her own. Normally speakers maintain and reflect their own point of view, but frequently they will shift the perspective (the origo of the deixis) from their own to that of another person or thing (Lyons called this ‘empathetic deixis’ (1977:677). For example, in the pair come: go, come contains the component ‘towards the speaker’ and go the component ‘away from the speaker’; but it is possible to say not only Afterwards I’ll go to the café, but also Afterwards I’ll come to the café, the latter, namely, when one takes the standpoint of the addressee who will be in the café afterwards. Empathy plays an important role in the interpretation of zero anaphora in Japanese in which each predicate selects one of its arguments as the place in which speaker empathy is localized (see Kuno and Kaburaki 1977).