ABSTRACT
Term commonly used in Arabic linguistics for pharyngealized ( pharyngeal) or velarized ( velar) speech sounds. ( also secondary articulation)
In psychology an approach based on English positivism (Locke, Berkeley, Hume), which views experience as the foundation of all understanding. This contrasts with nativism, which sees innate ideas as the basis for all cognitive development. As a methodological principle, namely ensuring the verifiability of knowledge through observable experience, empiricism plays a decisive role in the behaviorist views of language acquisition. ( also antimentalism, behaviorism, stimulus-response)
References
behaviorism, language acquisition, stimulus-response
Term coined by K.Bühler, denoting communication by means of isolated, syntactically irregular or incomplete linguistic elements whose meaning is determined through ‘practical’ use in the given situation and which in turn is sympractically embedded, e.g. the customer to the café waiter: Bill, please; or the commuter at the ticket counter: San Francisco and back. ( also sympractical field of language)
References
Bühler, K. 1934. Sprachtheorie. Jena. (Repr. Stuttgart, 1965.)
A principle of transformational grammar by which traces ( trace theory) must be visible, i.e. they must be identifiable as empty positions in the surface structure, similar to the principle of reconstruction for deletion. Thus an empty category is in a position subcategorized for by a verb. In Government and Binding theory this is known as proper government. Proper government occurs either if the empty position is governed by a lexical category (especially if it is not a subject) or if it is coindexed with a maximal projection which governs it (antecedent government). The ECP has been revised many times and is now a central part of Government and Binding theory.
