graph [Grk gráphein ‘to write’]

Study of the distinctive units of a writing system or of the writing systems of a particular language ( grapheme). The object of study is written texts in handwritten or typographic form. In alphabetic writing systems, graphemics largely makes use of the methods of analysis developed for phonology because of the close relationship between the spoken and the written language. Generally speaking, this is also the case for syllabic writing systems ( syllabary). Graphemic studies primarily serve as a foundation for prescribed orthographic norms, the comparison between spoken and written language, the

systems in computational linguistics.