optional obligatory vs optional oral [Lat. os, gen. oris ‘mouth’]

Speech sound which, in contrast to a nasal, is formed without the use of the nasal cavity (i.e. with a raised velum). With the exception of [m], [n], and [ŋ], all consonants and vowels in English are orals. ( also articulatory phonetics)

References

phonetics

Linguistic theory of analytical philosophy represented by Ryle, Wittgenstein (in his later years), Strawson, Austin, Searle, and others, which-in contrast to logical semanticstakes everyday (colloquial) language as the basis for investigating philosophical and linguistic problems. Following Wittgenstein’s equation of meaning with use, ordinary language philosophy investigates the origin of meaning and the functioning of linguistic communication through observation and analysis of linguistic transactions in pragmatic contexts. ( also speech act theory)

Austin, J.L. 1962. How to do things with words. Oxford. Keith, G. 1977. J.L. Austin: a critique of ordinary language philosophy. Hassocks. Rorty, R. (ed.) 1967. The linguistic turn. Chicago, IL. Strawson, P.F. 1952. Individuals: an essay in descriptive metaphysics. London. ——1971. Logico-linguistic papers. London. Wittgenstein, L. 1953. Philosophical investigations. Oxford.