ABSTRACT
Proposition about all elements (individuals, states of affairs, and the like) of a particular domain, in contrast to existential propositions which refer to at least one element of a certain domain. In formal logic, universal propositions are symbolized by means of the so-called universal quantifier: x [H(x)→M(x)], read as: ‘for every x it is the case that if x has the property H (e.g. “being human”), then it also has the property M (e.g. “being mortal”).’ As a rule, propositions about scientific laws take the form of universal propositions.
