ABSTRACT
The evidence to hand suggests that biomedical research using animals - especially basic biomedical animal research - has benefited humans, albeit indirectly, and might continue to do so. The evidence likewise suggests that biomedical research using animals has been less valuable that most of us have been led to believe; indeed, less valuable than many biomedical researchers themselves believe. How much animal research has benefited humans is difficult to say. How much the claims for biomedical research have been exaggerated is likewise difficult to say.
