ABSTRACT
David Leslie’s Scottish army, although in fact not up to scratch, the direct consequence of the hard line taken by the Covenanters. Ex-royalists were barred from serving, whether Scottish or English, thus depriving the army of good commanders and large numbers of veteran troops. The regiments were largely raw and inexperienced, whilst those of the New Model were battle-hardened. Cromwell’s de facto second in command was John Lambert, his major general of the cavalry.
