ABSTRACT
The idea of the ‘capability-expectations gap’, which I first introduced in 1992 at a conference held in Edinburgh to mark the thirtieth anniversary of the Journal of Common Market Studies, was not intended as a static concept, or as a contribution only to the analysis of contemporary eventsimportant as that last phase of the Maastricht ratification process was (Hill 1993). It was intended to provide a yardstick by which the process of change in European foreign policy might be measured.
