ABSTRACT
By the time of the Warring States (403-221 B.C.), the yin-yang wuxing cosmic principle was already part of Taoism. Taoists advocated the idea of wuwei, allowing things to be in their natural state or to develop according to their natural course.2
Laozi and Zhuangzi (circa 369-285 B.C.) both attributed the origin of heaven, earth and humans to the Dao, the most original source of the universe and all things in it. Dao existed eternally and provided harmony and balance in the universe, transcending the boundaries of time and space. Because of this, everything was just fine in its natural state and should not be disturbed. Laozi’s Daode jing (ca. 300 B.C.) says: ‘Dao [nothingness] produces the One [the qi, the primordial energy]; One produces the Two [the yin and yang]; Two yields the Three [as a result of unity of the yin and yang, the process of he]; and the Three make millions of things’.3
