ABSTRACT
This chapter introduces the key concepts involved in the research, establishing the scope, aims and rationale of the book. The ambiguous nature of identity as a principle for understanding and valuing traditional music is introduced. On one hand, the principle of identity can be used to defend the intrinsic value of music traditions, enabling musicians and communities to improve their economic and social situations. On the other hand, the principle of identity makes traditional music a powerful symbol that may be seized upon by powerful commercial and national interests. The broad problem to which the book responds is established: how can the concept of traditional music be situated as an inhospitable environment for exclusionary nationalist sentiments without emptying it of the value that enables traditional musicians to earn respect and income?
