ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on various aspects of modalities at various levels, placing most emphasis on projects and programmes. It considers those that have characterised the neostructural aid regime. Projects have been the dominant mode in aid practice over the past 50 years or so. Projects have a number of characteristics and advantages. Projects usually occur outside direct recipient government support. All projects, large and small, share a common feature in terms of design and operation, namely what is termed the ‘project cycle’. Alongside the notion of a project cycle has developed a particular approach to ‘project management’. Humanitarian assistance concentrates on delivering resources to places and people in need. Programme support in its different forms involves an evolving relationship between donors and recipient states.
